UltraSorb - Mycotoxin Adsorbent

UltraSorb is a Complementary Feeding Stuff for use in animal nutrition. It contains biologically active components which counteract a wide range of mycotoxins present in feed by binding them into inactive or unavailable forms.

 

What Are Mycotoxins?

Mycotoxins are poisons produced by naturally occurring moulds growing on plant material. When the plant material is used for producing animal feeds then the presence of these poisons is of great concern to all segments of the production animal Industry. It is reported that as much as 25% of the world's cereal grains may be contaminated with mycotoxins.

The prevailing weather in the UK over the last few seasons has impacted harvesting of feedstuffs from grass silage, ensiled whole crop cereals and combined cereal crops. Poor weather has both impacted the physiology of crops and the resulting delayed harvesting strategies have resulted in higher than normal mould populations on harvested feedstuffs both prior to and at harvest. All of those involved in feeding, or advising on the feeding, of these crops should be aware of the potential challenge of elevated levels of mycotoxins that are likely to be found in the feed.

 

 

The amount and type of mycotoxin varies with mould type and with environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. Aspergillus grows in warm and dry conditions and produces aflatoxins while Fusarium grows in cool and wet conditions and produces zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and
trichothecenes (“T” toxins). The effect of these mycotoxins on animal health, performance and fertility can be severe and have significant economic consequences to the producer.
 

Effect of Mycotoxins

Severe mycotoxin contamination cases are readily determined, but low levels of mycotoxins often go undetected, even though they can limit production and profitability in many animal herds and flocks.

Mycotoxins can impair animal health and cause serious economic consequences for producers through;

  • disease
  • reduced feed conversion
  • impaired reproductive performance

Mycotoxins act within animals to:

  • Change nutrient quality, absorption and metabolism.
  • Alter endocrine and neuroendocrine function.
  • Depress immune response.
 

Liver
                                             Le Doux

Effect of mycotoxins on poultry liver

Impact of Mycotoxins on Animal Organ Systems

There are now over 400 recognised mycotoxins found in feed materials. A summary of the key types and their specific impact on the animal is shown.

Impact of Mycotoxins on Animal Organ Systems


Diagram 1Deoxynivalenol: mostly associated with grain and forage based feeds. It is one of the most economically important toxins. Ruminants are able to partially degrade this toxin if the rumen is at optimum pH. Otherwise reductions in feed intake, milk production and components will result. In monogastrics DON is called Vomitoxin because of its effect on the digestive system.

Diagram 2Zearalenone: this has oestrogen mimicking properties and causes ovarian atrophy, lowered conception rates and vaginitis. Ruminants show reduced feed intakes with lower production and reduced butterfat in the milk. Poultry suffer increased mortality.

Diagram 3Trichothecene T2: common in cool, wet growing seasons, particularly in late harvested crops. Causes gastroenteritis resulting in intestinal necrosis and haemolysis with evident blood and mucus tags in the faeces and oral lesions in poultry. Functionally it affects the immune system through degeneration of bone marrow and lymph nodes. Low levels of contamination causes reduced feed efficiency, lower growth rates and overall increased disease incidence.


                                                                                                 Le Doux

 

Diagram 4Fumonisin: Causes reduced cardiac output and blood circulation. This manifests its effects as reduced growth rates and liver function in general and specifically pulmonary oedema in monogastrics.

Under UK growing conditions, especially this year, these toxins are seldom found in isolation. More typically a cocktail of them is found where one may be predominant. Such combinations may result in multiple impacts on the animals systems as shown above.

Indicators of Mycotoxin Poisoning

The overall impact of the mycotoxins will depend upon the total level of toxin load, the ratios of the individual toxins and the nature of the predominant form. This will be further modified by the animal species, age, social status, previous health condition and environmental factors before the ultimate symptoms are observed within individual animals or the herd in general. These symptoms can include the following:

  • Rough hair coats
  • Poor body condition score in the absence of milk
  • Poor milk production with poor components
  • Foot and/or mouth lesions that won’t heal
  • Bloody diarrhoea without fever
  • Poor response to probiotics
  • Poor fertility and breeding rates
  • Non-transmission of symptoms through the herd and symptoms build gradually
  • Heifers and gilts and with variable cycles, swollen udders, vaginitis
  • Heifers and other young stock with poor growth rates
  • Cows and sows with poor reproductive performance and increased incidence of abortion
  • Manure variability, particularly with the presence of mucus tags – a key indicator.

Role of Ultrasorb

UltraSorb contains three principal active components to cope with the widest range of mycotoxins found in UK feedstuffs.

  • Highly selected aluminosilicates that have a wide range of binding affinities on most mycotoxins.
 

Clay - Mineral

  • Yeast cell wall extract (MOS) from a single selected source for binding key Fusarium toxins.
 

Toxin

  • Microbial extracts capable of carrying out biological transformation of the most difficult to bind toxins such as DON which does not effectively under normal conditions.
 

Yeast

It can be difficult to diagnose mycotoxin poisoning as the reason for poor animal performance, low fertility or chronic disease issues when the levels are sub-clinical. However much can be inferred from the nature of the diet and other on farm data without the need for expensive and often difficult to interpret mycotoxin testing regimes.

Treating with the recommended rates of UltraSorb via a TMR or delivered via a Premix or similar will often give a faster and more definitive answer to assessing mycotoxin challenges than any testing strategy.

Improvements in manure consistency, feed intake, milk or weight gain production parameters and animal health signals may be seen within days of incorporating UltraSorb into the ration.

Improvements in fertility will require feeding for at least one cycle although improvements will begin as soon as UltraSorb encounters the toxin.

 

Practical Experience – Kainer Dairy

Background:

  • A Herd of 197 Holstein cows.
  • More than 30% of cows were showing symptoms & had loose dung before the inclusion of UltraSorb
  • This farm already been using a product to control mycotoxins at the manufacturer’s recommended rate

Results:

  • Milk increased by 4 litres/cow/day
  • Butterfat increased by 0.05%
  • Protein increased by 0.03%
  • Within three weeks there was only one loose cow in the herd

Milk Response Following Addition of UltraSorb to Diet.

Kg of milk yield per day

UltraSorb Mycotoxin Adsorbents have applications in remediating mycotoxin loads in feedstuffs for the following animal groups:

Micron Bio-Systems

Micron Bio-Systems, BFF Business Park,
Bath Road, Bridgwater, Somerset, TA6 4NZ
Tel: 01278 427 272
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